Ahmad Rohimi dot Com

TOEFL

Test of English as a Foreign Language, or TOEFL, evaluates the ability of an individual to use and understand English in an academic setting. It sometimes is an admission requirement for non-native English speakers at many English-speaking colleges and universities. Additionally, institutions such as government agencies, licensing bodies, businesses, or scholarship programs may require this test. A TOEFL score is valid for two years and then will no longer be officially reported since a candidate's language proficiency could have significantly changed since the date of the test. Colleges and universities usually consider only the most recent TOEFL score. The TOEFL test is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS) and is administered worldwide. The test was first administered in 1964 and has since been taken by more than 23 million students. The test was originally developed at the Center for Applied Linguistics under the direction of Stanford University applied linguistics professor Dr. Charles A. Ferguson.
Policies governing the TOEFL program are formulated with advice from a 16-member board. Board members are affiliated with undergraduate and graduate schools, 2-year institutions and public or private agencies with an interest in international education. Other members are specialists in the field of English as a foreign or second language. The TOEFL Committee of Examiners is composed of 12 specialists in linguistics, language testing, teaching or research. Its main responsibility is to advise on TOEFL test content. The committee helps ensure the test is a valid measure of English language proficiency reflecting current trends and methodologies.
Since its introduction in late 2005, the Internet-based Test (iBT) has progressively replaced both the computer-based tests (CBT) and paper-based tests (PBT), although paper-based testing is still used in select areas. The iBT has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers added regularly. The CBT was discontinued in September 2006 and these scores are no longer valid. Although initially, the demand for test seats was higher than availability, and candidates had to wait for months, it is now possible to take the test within one to four weeks in most countries.[3] The four-hour test consists of four sections, each measuring one of the basic language skills (while some tasks require integrating multiple skills) and all tasks focus on language used in an academic, higher-education environment. Note-taking is allowed during the iBT. The test cannot be taken more than once a week.

1.Reading
The Reading section consists of 3–5 passages, each approximately 700 words in length and questions about the passages. The passages are on academic topics; they are the kind of material that might be found in an undergraduate university textbook. Passages require understanding of rhetorical functions such as cause-effect, compare-contrast and argumentation. Students answer questions about main ideas, details, inferences, essential information, sentence insertion, vocabulary, rhetorical purpose and overall ideas. New types of questions in the iBT require filling out tables or completing summaries. Prior knowledge of the subject under discussion is not necessary to come to the correct answer.

2.Listening
The Listening section consists of six passages 3–5 minutes in length and questions about the passages. These passages include two student conversations and four academic lectures or discussions. A conversation involves two speakers, a student and either a professor or a campus service provider. A lecture is a self-contained portion of an academic lecture, which may involve student participation and does not assume specialized background knowledge in the subject area. Each conversation and lecture stimulus is heard only once. Test-takers may take notes while they listen and they may refer to their notes when they answer the questions. Each conversation is associated with five questions and each lecture with six. The questions are meant to measure the ability to understand main ideas, important details, implications, relationships between ideas, organization of information, speaker purpose and speaker attitude.

3.Speaking
The Speaking section consists of six tasks: two independent tasks and four integrated tasks. In the two independent tasks, test-takers answer opinion questions on familiar topics. They are evaluated on their ability to speak spontaneously and convey their ideas clearly and coherently. In two of the integrated tasks, test-takers read a short passage, listen to an academic course lecture or a conversation about campus life and answer a question by combining appropriate information from the text and the talk. In the two remaining integrated tasks, test-takers listen to an academic course lecture or a conversation about campus life and then respond to a question about what they heard. In the integrated tasks, test-takers are evaluated on their ability to appropriately synthesize and effectively convey information from the reading and listening material. Test-takers may take notes as they read and listen and may use their notes to help prepare their responses. Test-takers are given a short preparation time before they have to begin speaking.






4.Writing
The Writing section measures a test taker's ability to write in an academic setting and consists of two tasks: one integrated task and one independent task. In the integrated task, test-takers read a passage on an academic topic and then listen to a speaker discuss the same topic. The test-taker will then write a summary about the important points in the listening passage and explain how these relate to the key points of the reading passage. In the independent task, test-takers must write an essay that states, explains, and supports their opinion on an issue, supporting their opinions or choices, rather than simply listing personal preferences or choices.

One of the sections of the test will include extra, uncounted material. Educational Testing Service includes extra material in order to pilot test questions for future test forms. When test-takers are given a longer section, they should give equal effort to all of the questions because they do not know which question will count and which will be considered extra. For example, if there are four reading passages instead of three, then three of those passages will count and one of the passages will not be counted. Any of the four passages could be the uncounted one.
In areas where the internet-based test is not available, a paper-based test (PBT) is given. Test takers must register in advance either online or by using the registration form provided in the Supplemental Paper TOEFL Bulletin. They should register in advance of the given deadlines to ensure a place because the test centers have limited seating and may fill up early. Tests are administered on fixed dates 6 times each year. The test is 3 hours long and all test sections can be taken on the same day. Students can take the test as many times as they wish. However, colleges and universities usually consider only the most recent score.
1.Listening (30 – 40 minutes)
The Listening section consists of 3 parts. The first one contains 30 questions about short conversations. The second part has 8 questions about longer conversations. The last part asks 12 questions about lectures or talks.
2.Structure and Written Expression (25 minutes)
The Structure and Written Expression section has 15 exercises of completing sentences correctly and 25 exercises of identifying errors.
3.Reading Comprehension (55 minutes)
The Reading Comprehension section has 50 questions about reading passages.
4.Writing (30 minutes)
The Writing section is one essay with 250–300 words in average.

Page 157
EXERCISE 1 : Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice in each of the following sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.My best friend always helpful with problems. ( I )
2.The bus schedule has changed since last week. ( C )
3.Accidentally dropped the glass on the floor. ( I )
4.The customer paying the clerk for the clothes. ( I )
5.The professor handed the syllabus to the students. ( I )
6.Each day practiced the piano for hours. ( I )
7.The basketball player tossed the ball into the hoop. ( C )
8.The new student in the class very talkative and friendly. ( I )
9.Walking with the children to school. ( I )
10.The whales headed south for the winter. ( C )

Page 158
EXERCISE 2 : Each of the following sentences contains one or more prepositional phrases. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the prepositional phrases that come before the verb. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.The name of the baby in the crib is jack. ( C )
2.By the next meeting of the class need to turn in the papers. ( I )
3.The directions to the exercise on page twenty unclear. ( I )
4.Because of the heavy rain troughout the night, the walkways are muddy.(C)
5.During the week eat lunch in the school cafeteria. ( I )
6.In the morning after the concert was tired. ( I )
7.In the summer the trip to the mountains is our favorite trip. ( C )
8.In a box on the top shelf of the cabinet in the hallway of the house. ( I )
9.With her purse in her hand ran through the door. ( I )
10.At 1:00 in the morning the alarm clock on the table beside the bad rang.(C)
Page 158
EXERCISE (Skill 1-2) : Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the prepositional phrases that come before the verb. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1.During the meeting in the office discussed the schedule. ( I )
2.The doctor gave the patient a prescription. ( I )
3.The tall evergreen trees along the road. ( I )
4.The watch in the jewelry box needs a new battery. ( C )
5.Pleasantly greets everyone in all the offices every morning. ( I )
6.In the office of the building acrose the street from the park on the corner.(I)
7.The dishes in the sink really need to be washed as soon as possible. ( C )
8.In a moment of worry about the problem with the cash in the account. ( I )
9.The plane from New York circling the airport. ( C )
10.On a regular basis the plants in the boxes under the window in the kitchen are watered and fed. ( C )


Page 159
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skill 1-2) : Choose the letter of the word group of the word that best completes the sentence.
1.Mark Twain (A) Called the years after the Civil War the “Gilded Age”.
2.Early (C) horses had toes instead of hooves on their feet.
3.Tundra Plants grow close to the ground in the short artic summer.
4.In 1867, (C) the United States purchases of Alaska from the Russians for $ 7.2 million.
5.Between 1725 and 1750, New England witnessed an increase in the specialization of (A) occupations
6.The large carotid artery (A) carrying blood to the main parts of the brain.
7.(D) Marconi developed radio as the first practical system of wireless telegraphy.
8.In 1975, the first successiul space probe to (C) Venus was beginning to send information back to Earth.
9.The two biggest resort (A) in Arkansas are hot Springs and Eureka Springs.
10.NASA’s Lyndon B.Johnson Space Center (C) was the control center for the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo space flight.

page 161
EXERCISE 3 : Each of the following sentences countains one more present participles. Underline the subject once and the verbs twice. Circle the present participles and label them as adjectives or verbs. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.The carrying baby needs to be picked up. ( C )
2.The clothes lying on trhe floor should go into the washing machine. ( I )
3.The waitress bringing the streaming soup to the waiting dinner. ( I )
4.Most of stricking workers are walking the picked line. ( C )
5.For her birthday, the child is getting a talking doll. ( C )
6.The setting sun creating a rainbow of colors in the sky. ( I )
7.The ship is sailing to mexico is leaving tonight. ( I )
8.The letters is needing immediate answers are on the desk. ( I )
9.The boring class just ending a few minutes ago. ( I )
10.The fast moving clouds are bringing frezzing rain to the area. ( C )

= adj = verb
= konj = obj




Page 162
EXERCISE 4 : Each of the following sentences countains one more present participles. Underline the subject once and the verbs twice. Circle the present participles and label them as adjectives or verbs. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1.The food is served in the restaurant is delicious. ( I )
2.The plane landed on the diserted runway. ( C )
3.The unexpected guests arrived just at dinner time. ( I )
4.The courses are listed in the catalogue are required courses. ( I )
5.The teacher found the lost exam. ( C )
6.The small apartement very crowded and disorganized. ( I )
7.The photograph developed yesterday showed Sam and his friends. ( I )
8.The locked drawer contained the unworn jewels. ( C )
9.The tree was blown over in the storm was cut into logs. ( I )
10.The students registred in this courses are listed on that sheet on paper. (C)


Page 163
EXERCISE (Skills 3-4) : Each of the following sentences countains one more present participles. Underline the subject once and the verbs twice. Circle the present participles and label them as adjectives or verbs. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1.Our hosts are serving drink on the tilled patio. ( C )
2.The tired women taking a much needed nap. ( I )
3.The letters were sent on Monday arrived on Wednesday. ( C )
4.The winners deserved the big prize. ( C )
5.The plants are growing in the garden need a lot of water. ( I )
6.The shining stars lit up the darkned sky. ( I )
7.The driver rapidly increased the speed of the racing car. ( I )
8.The excited children trying to build a snowman in the falling snow. ( I )
9.The students are completing the course will graduate in June. ( I )
10.The dissatisfied custumer is returning the burning the broken toaster to the store. ( C )


Page 163
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skill 3-4) : Choose the letter of the word or group of word that best completes the sentence.
1.The first (D) flowering plants appeared during the last period of the dinosaurs’ reign.
2.The earliest medicines (C) were obtained from plants of various sorts.
3.Simple sails were made from canvas (B) stretched over a frame.
4.Pluto’s moon Charon (B) is moving in a slightly elliptical path around the planet.
5.Techniques of breath control form an essential part of any (D) training program to improve the voice.
6.Robert E. Lee (A) surrendered the Confederate Army to General Grant in 1865 at the Appomattox Courthouse.
7.The puituitary gland, (A) found below the brain, releases hormones to control other glands.
8.At around two years of age, many children regularly produce sentences (B) containing three of four words.
9.Multinational companies (B) are finding it increasingly important to employ internationally acceptable brand names.
10.The cornea is located under the conjunctiva, on (C) the exposed part.

Page 164
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skill 1-4) : Choose the letter of the word or group of word that best completes the sentence.
1.(B) The Polynesians arrived first settled the Hawaiian Island between A.D. 300 and 750
2.In 1066, a bright comet (A) was appearing in the sky attracted much attention.
3.In some daguerreotype cameras, (A) the object’s view through a hole in the back of the box.
4.In the Stone Age, stone tool (D) were polised with other rock materials.
5.The first steamship to cross the Atlantic (A) was the Savannah, in 1819.
6.The Earth’s plates meet each other at cracks in the Earth (C) called faults.
7.The first plant-like organisms probably (C) lived in the sea, perhaps three billion years ago.
8.In male pattern baldness, (D) heredity has strongly influences the degree of hair loss.
9.In Watch the Skies, Curtis Peebles (A) makes a fascinating attempt to explain America’s belief in flying saucers.
10.The irregular coastline of (B) Massachusett is a succession of bays and inlets, with the hook of the Cape Cod peninsula in the southeast.


Page 166
EXERCISE 5 : Each of the following sentences contains more that one clause. Underline the subject once and the verbs twice. Circle the connector. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.The lawn needs water every day, or it will turn brown. ( C )
2.The book was not long, but it difficult to read. ( I )
3.It was raining, so decided not to go camping. ( I )
4.The material has been cut, and the picces have been sewn together. ( C )
5.The patient took all the medicine he did not feel much better. ( I )
6.The bill must be paid immediatcly, or the electricity will turned off. ( C )
7.The furnance broke so the house got quite cold. ( C )
8.The dress did not cost too much, but the quality it seemed excellent. ( C )
9.The leaves kept failing off the trees and the boys kept racking them up, but the yard was still covered. ( C )
10.The postman has already delivered the mail, so the letter is not going to errive today, it probably will arrive tomorrow. ( C )

Page 168
EXERCISE 6 : Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Underline the subject once and the verb twice. Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.After the plane circled the airport, it landed on the main runway. ( C )
2.The registration process took many hours since the lines so long. ( I )
3.This type of medicine can be helpful, it can also have some bad side effects. ( I )
4.The waves were amazingly high when the storm hit the coastal town. ( C )
5.We need to get a new car whether is on sale or not. ( I )
6.Just as the bread came out of the oven, while a wonderful aroma filled the kitchen. ( C )
7.Everyone has spent time unpacking boxes since the family moved into the newHouse. ( C )
8.Although the area is a desert many plants bloom there in the springtime.(I)
9.The drivers on the freeway drove slowly and carefully while the rain was falling heavily because they did not want to have an accident. ( I )
10.If you plan carefully before you take a trip, will have a much better time because the small details will not cause problems. ( I )


Page 169
EXERCISE (Skills 5-6) : Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Underline the subject once and the verb twice. Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.The lawyer presented a strong case, but the client was still found guilty.
2.After the children read some stories before they went to bed.
3.The report needed to be completed, the workers stayed late every night for a week.
4.If you do not turn on the lights, you will trip in the dark.
5.A thick fog came rolling in, so planes unable to land.
6.All of the shoes are on sale until the current stock is gone.
7.The ship leaving the dock even though some passengers were not on board
8.The outline must be turned in to the teacher a week before the paper is due, and must approve it.
9.Because the food was cold when it was served the dinners sent it back to the kitchen.
10.You should slow down while you are driving, or the police will pull your car over.

Page 169
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skill 5-6) : Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.
1.A spacecraft is freed from friction D. after it is launched into space.
2.D. Because lobsters blend with their surroundings, or they hide in crevices for protection.
3.B. While the shoulder is a ball and socket joint, the elbow is a simple hinge joint.
4.A car has several sections with moving parts, A. good lubrication of those parts is essential.
5.Bears cannot see well C. because they have small eyes.
6.A. A land bridge existed at the Isthamus of Panama, so animals were able to migrate between North and South America.
7.B. The Empire State Building is mostly made of granite, it also contains some human-made materials.
8.Pressure differences make the eardrum vibrate D. as sound waves enter the ear.
9.An optical microscope magnifies as much as 2,000 times, but an electron microscope C. can magnify as much as a million times.
10.If scientific estimates are accurate, C. the Canon Diablo meteorite colliding with the Earth about 20,000 years ago.

Page 170
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skill 1-6) : Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.
1.A. The economic activity of the Pueblo Indians centered on intensive agriculture.
2.In popular terminology, any long snowstorm with B. a agree amount of wind is called a blizzard.
3.Nuclear power can be produced by fusion A. it can also be produced by fission.
4.B. If temperature is high, igneous rocks may be changed into gneisses.
5.In 1905, Henry Flagler D. announced his plants to extend his Florida East Coast Railway out across the sea to Key west.
6.The sound A. comes from a vibrating object will be high or low depending on the number of vibrations.
7.During the late 1880s, urban streetcars were electrified throught C. the use of large motors.
8.B. Biscayne National Park en compasses almost 274 square miles, but 96 percent of the park is under water.
9.Legislation B. was passed in 1916 and 1917 gave the Wilson administration authority to intervene in the national economy if it proved necessary.
10.Because a family of birds set up housekeeping in Joel Chandler Harris’s mailbox when the birds were in need of a place to stay, B. so the home was named the Wren’s nest.

Page 172
EXERCISE 7 : Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Underline the subject once and the verb twice. Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.It is unfortunate that the meal is not ready yet. ( C )
2.She told me when should pick her up. ( I )
3.The instructor explained where was the computer lab located. ( C )
4.We could not believe what he did to us. ( C )
5.Do you want to know if it going to rain tomorrow? ( I )
6.We never know wheter we will get paid or not. ( C )
7.This evening you can decide what do you want to do. ( I )
8.The manager explained how wanted the work done. ( I )
9.The map showed where the party would be held. ( C )
10.Can you tell me why was the mail not delivered today? ( C )

Page 174
EXERCISE 8 : Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Underline the subject once and the verb twice. Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.The teacher heard who answered the question. ( C )
2.I do not understand what it went wrong. ( I )
3.Of the three movies, I can’t decide which is the best. ( C )
4.She did not remember who in her class. ( I )
5.No one is sure what did it happen in front of the building. ( I )
6.We found out which was her favorite type of candy. ( I )
7.Do you know what caused the plants to die? ( C )
8.I am not sure which it is the most important course in the program. ( I )
9.We thought about who would be the best vice president. ( C )
10.She saw what in the box in the closet. ( I )

Page 174
EXERCISE (Skill 7-8) : Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Underline the subject once and the verb twice. Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.It doubtful whether he will pass the test or not. ( I )
2.The group discussed who he should receive the prize. ( C )
3.It is not certain why the class was canceled. ( C )
4.I will do what does it need to be done. ( I )
5.We forgot when did the movies start. ( I )
6.I would like to ask if you could come over for dinner this weekend. ( C )
7.The children knew which the best game to play. ( C )
8.The advison informed her that needed to add another class. ( C )
9.He saw who took the money. ( C )
10.It is unclear how the window got broken. ( C )









Page 175
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skill 7-8) : Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.
1.Today the true story of C. what happened at Little Bignorn remains a money.
2.For more than a decade, C. bird-watchers have warned that certain species are becoming scarce.
3.Early in the eighteen century, Halley accurately predicted when A. the comet of 1682 would return.
4.No single factor explaints why C. aging as an effect vary so greatly among individuals.
5.Lack of charity about D. who will lead the party in the coming year will be removed at the party’s convention.
6.We do not C. know whether the bow drill was first developed for woodworking or fire making.
7.Minute Man National Historical Park is a monument to where A. the beginning of the Revolutionary War.
8.Tests on the colors of cars were conducted at the University of California to determine A. which the savest colors for cars.
9.The National Intitute deptal research estimates A. for school children in fluoridated areas have about 25 percent less tooth decay than children elsewhere.
10.The process of photosintesis explain how D. with green plants are able to use the energy in sunlight to manufacture foods from the simple chemicals in air and water.





Page 176
Toefl Review Exercise (Skills 1-8) : Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.
1.Air near the equator A. to have a faster west to east motion than air farther from the equator.
2.About 4000 B.C., humans discovered that B. the ability of metalic obtained from special rocks called ores.
3.A. In the degradation of DNA quickly after an animal dies.
4.C. Improvement aerodynamic design has contributed a major part in reancing resistance to motion.
5.The southern part of Florida is much warmer in the winter than the northern part, so more B. touring flocks to the south.
6.The moon’s gravity pull water on the near side of the Earth toward the Moon, and this is what C. causing tides to occur.
7.D. As glaciers move, they pick up fragment of rock which become frozen into the base of the ice.
8.The tape measure fisrt evolved from A. the chains measure used by the Egyptians.
9.A typical Atlantic hurricane stars as a low preasure sytem near C. the African coast.
10.It is not clear whether the sub divisions of the neocortex B. are individual units.









page 178
Exercise 9 : Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Underline the subject once and the verb twice. Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.I did not believe the story that he told me. ( C )
2.Ms. Brown whom did you recommend for the job, will start work tomorrow. ( I )
3.The lecture notes which lent me were not clearly written. ( C )
4.Sally has an appointment with the hairdresser whom your recommended. (C)
5.The phone number that you gave me. ( C )
6.She is able to solve all the problem which did she cause. ( I )
7.The day that she spent on the beach left her sunburned. ( I )
8.Next week I am going to visit my cousin, whom have not seen in several years. ( I )
9.Did you forget the promise whom you made? ( I )
10.The teacher whom the student like the most is their history teacher. ( I )


Page 180
Exercise 10 : Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Underline the subject once and the verb twice. Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.The children that were vaccinated did not get sick. ( C )
2.I did not vote for the politician who he just won the election. ( I )
3.The dog that barking belongs to my neighbor. ( C )
4.I took two of the blue pills, which were very effective. ( C )
5.we rented an apartment from the landlord who does he own the building on Mapel Street. ( I )
6.She forgot to attend the meeting which it began at 11:00. ( C )
7.Any student who does not turn in the paper by Friday will fail the class. (C)
8.The people which came in late had to sit at back. ( I )
9.The courses that satisfy the graduation requirements they are difficult. ( I )
10.After dinner she went to visit her parents, who were living down the steet. ( C )

Page 181
Exercise (Skills 9-10): Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Underline the subject once and the verb twice. Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.My sister prefer to eat food that have cooked themselves. ( C )
2.The boat that hit the underwater rock sank. ( C )
3.The car which he was driving could not possibly be his. ( C )
4.The children built a house in the tree that in the backyard. ( I )
5.The cost of the trip which we wanted to take. ( I )
6.The children are playing with the toys which their mother told them to put away. ( C )
7.The guests who were seated around the dinner table. ( C )
8.The students have to read all the chapter which are on the test. ( C )
9.I really do not like the artist which you like. ( I )
10.The stones that they were set in the ring were quite valuable. ( C )








Page 181
Toefl Exercise (Skills 9-10) : Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.
1.Modern Humans, who first appeared about 600,00 years ago, B. were called Homo sapiens.
2.The first writing D. that we have evidence of is on Mesopotanian clay tablets.
3.C. they are succulents drought resistant plants which store water in fleshy tissue.
4.Benjamin Kabelsky, whom C. knowing most people as Jack Benny, was a famous comedian in vaudeville and on radio and television.
5.B. Dinosaur are known that hunted other animals tended to have very narrow, sharp, curved claws.
6.The first eyeglases had convex lenses for the aged who A. had become far sighted.
7.Chimney Rock, D. which stands 500 feet above the North Platte River, has croded cconderably in the last two century.
8.C. the hormones change that accompany recurring bouts of severe depression reduce bone dencity.
9.Willa Cather is an author D. whom readers praise for her evocative and memorable vision of frontier prairie life.
10.Mars’s tiny moon Phobos is a small mountain of rock that A. was probably captured from the asteroid belt by mars’s gravitational pull.








Page 182
Toefl Review Exercise (Skills 1-10) : Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.
1.D. Because of Annapolis is famous as the home of the United States Naval academy.
2.Some scientists think D. that Pluto might not be a planet but a moon of Neptune.
3.With B. the appearance of sophisticated oil lamps, elaborate tools were made to cut the wicks.
4.Fort Union wqas the sute of what B. being the principalfur trading post on the upper Missouri River,
5.Since B. moving faces commercial risk, it has to appeal to a large audience to justify its cost.
6.A current of water known as the gulf stream comes up from the Gulf of Mexico, and then A. it croses the North atlentic toward Europe.
7.System D. using the two symbols 0 and I are called binary number systems.
8.Genes, D. which are the blue prints for cell constructions, exist in tightly organized packages called chromosomes.
9.The Earth’s atsmosphere consists of gases A. held in place around the Earth by the gravitational pull of the planet.
10.Oscar Harmestein II collaborated with a number of composers including Jerome Kern, whom B. was joined in writing the musical Show Boat.